Precaution in convex lens experiment. Lab manual for determining the focal length of a convex lens using the plane mirror method. List four precautions a student should observe while determining the focal length of a given convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object on a screen. In a previous experiment light was found to change direction when it passed (at an angle) between media with different indices of refraction. Both experiments are repeated multiple times and the average focal length is calculated. An auxiliary convex lens L is introduced between the convex mirror M and object needle O as shown in Fig. Spirit level Theory For a body positioned at a distance ‘u’ from the optical centre List four precautions a student should observe while determining the focal length of a given convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object on a screen. The article provides a comprehensive guide on the procedure, observations, and precautions to be taken during the experiment. 4. Formula used – The wavelength of light is given by the formula 𝜆 = 2 𝐷𝑛+𝑝 −𝐷𝑛2 4𝑝𝑅 Where Dn+p – Diameter of (n+p)th ring. List four precautions which a student should observe while determining the focal length of a given convex lens by obtaining an image of a distant object on a screen. The lens alters the direction of these rays, making them emerge as a convergent or divergent bundle. If you move the screen to the right side then what will you observe about the nature of the image? Arrange the plane mirror, convex lens and object pin with help of holder on the optical bench as shown in the figure and align them properly with the help of a meter scale. Master focal length determination for concave mirrors and convex lenses in Class 10 Physics. Lab Preparation We have studied lenses and how they form images. You wil also be familiarised with the necessary apparatus. The concave lens and convex mirror form virtual and erect images for all positions of the object. Theory: Light refracts when passing through media with different indices of refraction. The document outlines precautions and procedures for experiments to find the focal lengths of convex and concave lenses using an optical bench. This article explains the theory, procedure, and precautions to consider during the experiment. An in-depth guide on how to find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror. Advance Reading Urone, Chapter 24, Section 24-6 Objective: The objective of this experiment is to measure the focal length of a converging lens and a diverging lens. Aim To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v. txt) or read online for free. The f ) is focal tance the dis length between ( the lens and focal length is a fixed characteristic of a and shape. Purpose: To determine the focal length of a thin lens and to explore the difference between convex and concave lenses and to determine their focal lengths. One optical bench 2. The document outlines an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using an optical bench and graphing the relationship between object distance (u) and image distance (v). It includes a list of required apparatus, observations, calculations, results Determining the Focal Length of a Convex Lens | Physics Experiment | Grade 10 Watch our other videos: English Stories for Kids: • PW English Course Book Stories For Kids - CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Section B Experiment 7 || Objective:- To find the refractive index of liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror. In this article, let us know how to find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens. Metre scale 3. (suggested by Frances McCarthy, Blackrock Castle Observatory, Cork). the image. To study the nature and size of the image formed by (i) a convex lens (ii) a concave mirror on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror). Converging Lens experiment is a common practical in O Level Physics that involves studying the properties of lenses. of We deal converging lenses in this lab. Additionally, it provides a comparison between convex and concave lenses and their properties. 20. introduction lens is an object made from mostly glass and has The focal length of the given lens is 10cm. Keeping the object needle at distance about 1. Image screen shouldn’t be shaky. Precautions for obtaining accurate measurements are also outlined. In today’s lab we will carry out experiments with lenses and how they form images. Apparatus required- Plano-convex lens, Sodium lamp, Travelling microscope, optical arrangement. Objective – To determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s ring method. The goal is to measure the radius of curvature and focal length of a single converging lens from which you can calculate the index of refraction n. Objective: The object of this experiment is to observe the characteristics of (thin) convex and concave lenses and to measure the focal lengths of these two types lenses. Sharpen optics skills for 2025-26 exams easily. A lens is a piece of transparent glass which concentrates or disperses light rays when passing through them by refraction. Materials Required 1. ofis lens diverges it iconcave called light, , and the f is value negative. To compare both methods. By measuring and , the focal length can be determined. The general method widely used involves measurement of the diameter of several fringes. Under such condition, the light rays are incident Learn about magnifying glasses, concave lenses and inverted images by sending rays of light through a magnifying glass in this cool science fair project! Theory For a thin lens, the Thin Lens Equation describes how the focal length is related to the image distance and object distance: 1 1 1 = + where is the focal length, is the distance between the object and the lens, and is the distance between the image and the lens. This property can be utilized to bend light in useful ways. Apparatus Convex Lens Plane Mirror Optical Needle The clean transparent liquid in a clean beaker An iron stand with base and clamp arrangement Plane glass slab Plumb Line Spherometer Half metre scale Theory Let us consider f1 and f2 to be the focal length of the glass convex lens and liquid lens respectively and The focal point of a lens is found by allowing a bundle of mutually parallel rays to enter the lens (i. The experiment involves the use of a light source, a screen, and a lens to determine the focal length of the lens. Two sharp-edged needles 7. Objectives: After doing this experiment, you should be able to determine the focal length of a given convex lens by the following method : Aim To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v. Perform the experiment in a dark room so as to obtain a distinct and sharp image of the candle flame. It includes the materials required, the theory behind the lens formula, a detailed procedure for conducting the experiment, observations to record, and precautions to ensure accuracy. This property can be utilized to bend (refract) light in useful ways. pdf), Text File (. Name two pairs of features in the human eye and a lens camera that performs similar functions. 5 you will learn to make observations with real images and In the next experiment, you will analyse the spectrum of light from a sodium or mercury lamp using a prism and a spectrometer. A convex lens of less than 20 cm focal length 6. It details the materials needed, the procedure to follow, and the precautions to ensure accurate measurements. CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Section-B Experiment- 3 Objective:- Find the focal length of convex lens by plotting a graph between u and v. Spirit level Theory For a body positioned at a distance ‘u’ from the optical centre . Unlock the secrets of convex lenses! Our step-by-step experiment guides you through plotting u-v and 1/u-1/v graphs to accurately determine focal length perfect for students and science enthusiasts! This experiment aims to determine the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens. Viva Conventionally Newton’s rings experiment is used to determine the radius of curvature of a Plano-convex lens. Three uprights (with clamps) 5. To avoid the flickering of the candle flame, the experiment can be conducted in calm air. The point to which they converge (or from which they diverge) is called the focal point. Measure the focal length (f) of converging (bi-convex) lenses Measure how the focal length (f) of a lens interacts with the image distance (i) and object distance (o), when the total distance from object to image is a fixed length (L). In Sec. Material Required, Formula Used, Ray Diagram, Observation, Calculation, Result, Precautions Sources of Errors Based on this experiment, after the data was calculated, the focal length of a convex lens was 14 ± 0 cm where the value of the ± 0 was determined from the sum of (f-x) 2. Index needle or a knitting needle 4. 1(a). , from an object infinitely far from the lens). This experiment will involve placing lenses and sources on an optical bench along with an image screen to determine the focal length of both converging and diverging lenses. In performing the experiment using a convex lens, you find sharp and clear image of a distant object on a screen as shown in the following figure. Includes procedure, observations, and precautions. Evaluate W = ½ (Z o /4+X o /2) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results. In this experiment, the topic of study will be concave (converging) and convex (diverging) mirrors as well as converging (biconvex) and diverging (biconcave) lenses and the different ways they bend light from an object. The document outlines an experiment to determine the focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of a distant object. Aim To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror. The focal length of the convex mirror = 23. It explains the principles of image formation by convex mirrors and lenses, and details the steps to remove parallax for accurate measurements. Draw a ray diagram to show how a convex lens forms an image of magnification less than one. Precautions The convex lens must have the focal length between 15 to 20 cm. Objective: To find the focal length of convex mirror using a convex lens. In particular, geometrical optics predicts the path of light after it goes through a lens or hits a mirror. The document outlines an experiment to determine the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens. CBSE Class 10 Science Lab Manual – Image Formation by a Convex Lens EXPERIMENT 8 (a) Aim To find the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens. Understand the theory, procedure, and precautions involved in this physics practical experiment. The convex lens must have a small aperture. e. An optical bench with four upright, a knitting needle, a half-meter scale, a convex lens, a convex mirror, a half-meter scale and a mirror holder. Learn how to find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens. Focal Length of Convex LensB11 Lab Report Objectives of the experiment: To determine the focal length of a spherical convex lens ♦ by “Lens formula method” ♦ by “Lens replacement method”. Experiment 1: Thin Converging Lens PHY 431 This experiment is a classic exercise in geometric optics. Concave Lenses and Lens Combinations Goal: To determine the focal length of a concave lens and to better understand how to locate images for lens combinations. Materials Required A thin convex lens, a lens holder fitted in a stand, a piece of rice paper screen fixed to a stand, a […] List four precautions that a student should observe while determining the focal length of a given convex lens by obtaining an image of a distant object on a screen. The readers are encouraged to verify this by their ray diagrams and/or by analysing lens and mirror formula. The result indicates that the focal length of the given concave mirror is 10 cm. To find the focal length of convex mirror using a convex lens. An example of a Physics lab report regarding various types of lenses and their characteristics. Learn how to find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v. For the convex lens experiment, a similar process is followed to find the focal length. This is done by the meth position of an image formed by a mirror and a lens. List four precautions which a student should observe while determining the focal length of a given convex lens by obtaining image of a distant object on a screen. The focal length of the convex mirror is calculated using the formula f=R/2, where R is the radius of curvature, which is calculated as R=v-d, with v as the image distance B Experiment 1 - Focal length of convex lens - Free download as PDF File (. A lens that convex , converges a d th f is value light positive. Unlock the secrets of convex lenses! Our step-by-step experiment guides you through plotting u-v and 1/u-1/v graphs to accurately determine focal length perfect for students and science enthusiasts! You can experiment with the principle of this activity , without using tubes, by holding convex lenses of different focal lengths in the air at different distances apart – with the shorter focal length lens nearer your eye, as above. 5 times rough focal length of convex lens, the position of convex mirror behind convex lens is so adjusted that a real and inverted image of object needle O, is formed at O itself. EXPERIMENT No. The apparatus includes an optical bench, uprights, a convex mirror, convex lens, lens holder, mirror holder, and knitting needle. rrqe, ixtw, tpwc, f73fvg, 0ihihj, fagzk, rp7i, pjmjq, zp2bhp, wy6o,